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It’s throughout. There isn’t a going again. The UK has left the EU after 47 years. So how did we get right here?
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23 June 2016
The UK votes to leave the EU by a slim majority, 51.9% to 48.1%, setting the ball rolling on one of the tumultuous chapters in latest British historical past. It would contain supreme courtroom challenges, the prorogation of parliament, sackings of a few of the most senior politicians within the Conservative social gathering, and even splits sooner or later prime minister’s family, with Boris Johnson’s brother quitting authorities and his sister working for election with a rival political social gathering.
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24 June 2016
David Cameron resigns, bringing an abrupt finish to his six-year premiership.
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25 June 2016
Front pages mirror the divisions which might be to come back.
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Day by day Mail: Take a bow, Britain. “It was the day the quiet individuals of Britain rose up towards an smug, out-of-touch political class and a contemptuous Brussels elite.”
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The Solar: Why ought to I do the onerous s**t? With Cameron photograph.
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The Guardian: Over. And out.
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Le Monde: Good luck.
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30 June 2016
Boris Johnson guidelines himself out of race to change into Conservative social gathering chief, having been dealt a deadly blow when his former Vote Depart ally Michael Gove introduced he was standing.
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13 July 2016
Theresa May turns into prime minister after rivals Johnson and Gove fall.
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October 2016
Could lays down her pink traces to quash Ukip help, telling the social gathering trustworthy immigration would be the central foundation for departure from the EU.
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November 2016
Gina Miller wins a excessive courtroom ruling that the federal government wants the consent of parliament to set off article 50.
In an unprecedented assault on the unbiased judiciary, the Day by day Mail manufacturers the judges “enemies of the individuals”.
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January 2017
In a Lancaster Home speech, Could hardens her pink traces, aiming for an finish to the jurisdiction of the European courtroom of justice and an exit from the one market and immigration management. On the opposite facet of the Irish Sea, hopes of agency commitments on the Irish border are dashed, sowing the seeds for issues to come back.
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February 2017
The EU decides the Irish border shall be one of many three precedence points to be solved within the legally binding withdrawal settlement. Could, nonetheless pushing to persuade Eurosceptics of her credentials, shall be left unprepared for the load of the EU juggernaut about to reach within the negotiation room.
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29 March 2017
Could invokes article 50, fatefully beginning the clock counting right down to a Brexit deadline two years later. In Brussels, the EU negotiation machine is at full throttle, with detailed draft guidelines (together with on the troublesome Irish border subject) issued two days later, one thing UK negotiators will later say gave them a hefty benefit.
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April 2017
Could calls a snap common election, vowing to “crush the saboteurs”, the Day by day Mail claimed. It described her determination as a “beautiful transfer” by which she had known as the “bluff of game-playing remoaners (together with unelected lords)”.
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June 2017
The election gamble backfires with the shock lack of 13 seats and a hung parliament, forcing Could right into a cope with the Democratic Unionist social gathering (DUP) in Northern Eire.
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August 2017
Britain releases its plan for the Irish border. It’s dismissed by the EU as “magical thinking”.
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November 2017
The Telegraph manufacturers 15 MPs together with Ken Clarke, Dominic Grieve and Anna Soubry “mutineers” after they are saying they’ll be part of forces with Labour to dam measures that will enshrine the date of Brexit in legislation.
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four December 2017
The primary part of negotiations ends with the publication of a joint report, however not with out last-minute drama. After touching down in Brussels for lunch with Juncker, Could will get an surprising name from the chief of the DUP, Arlene Foster, who tells her she is not going to help the paragraphs on the Irish border.
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eight December 2017
4 days later, Could returns on a pre-dawn flight from Northolt to log out a deal that accommodates one new paragraph that sows the seeds of two years of future battle over the Irish border backstop. Eire’s taoiseach, Leo Varadkar, calls the commitments on the border “bulletproof”.
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10 December 2017
The Brexit secretary, David Davis, goes on TV to downplay the significance of December’s joint report, saying it’s only a “assertion of intent”.
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February 2018
Simply months after signing the joint report that arrange the negotiations framework, Could declares that no prime minister may comply with borders between Northern Eire and the remainder of the UK.
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6 July 2018
Could produces her Chequers plan to maintain the entire of the UK in customs alignment with the EU thus obviating a necessity for Irish border checks. Michel Barnier guidelines it out quickly after.
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9/10 July 2018
Davis and his junior Brexit minister Steve Baker resign, plunging the federal government into a fresh Brexit crisis. A day later, Boris Johnson resigns as international secretary.
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September 2018
Could is humiliated in Strasbourg as she is advised her proposals gained’t work. The European council president, Donald Tusk, posts on Instagram mocking Could for cherrypicking. Her Europe adviser Raoul Ruparel will later describe it because the lowest moment in the negotiations.
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November 2018
Cupboard divisions deepen. The Brexit secretary, Dominic Raab, and the pensions secretary, Esther McVey, quit, as do the Brexit minister Suella Braverman and Northern Eire minister Shailesh Vara.
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23 November 2018
The withdrawal settlement is signed in Brussels because the EU agrees it’s the “very best” Brexit deal, however Could returns to home political battle.
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10/11 December 2018
The primary significant Commons vote on the Brexit deal is postponed after 164 speeches over three of the 5 days allotted for the talk. Could wins a confidence vote.
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14 December 2018
Tensions rise with the EU as Could returns to Brussels to ask for adjustments within the deal she has simply signed.
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14 January 2019
The variety of ministers and authorities aides quitting over Brexit rises to 19 after a whip resigns.
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15 January 2019
Could loses the meaningful vote by a landslide 230 votes, the heaviest parliamentary defeat for a chief minister since 1924.
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6 February 2019
Tusk wonders about “a particular place in hell” for “those that proposed Brexit with no sketch of a plan”.
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22 February 2019
Mutiny is within the air as a cupboard trio led by Amber Rudd threaten to resign except Could takes no deal off the desk. The menace works, with Could providing votes on no deal and an extension of article 50. However the determination causes shockwaves that can ripple by means of to the summer time when Johnson makes his transfer on her job.
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12 March 2019
What a distinction 24 hours makes. Could returns from a mercy sprint to Brussels for adjustments on Irish border backstop. The transfer backfires after her legal professional common, Geoffrey Cox, says legal advice on the Irish border backstop is unchanged. Could suffers a second humiliating defeat, this time by 149 votes.
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18 March 2019
Brexit descends into farce because the Commons Speaker, John Bercow, reaches again to 17th-century parliamentary conference to rule that Could cannot bring her deal back for a 3rd vote except it’s considerably modified.
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Could 2019
Neil Henderson
(@hendopolis)MIRROR: Tears within the again seat 2 #tomorrowspaperstoday pic.twitter.com/OYNfOUjr5D
Could confirms she’s going to step down as prime minister by the tip of July, firing the beginning gun on the race to succeed her, involving Michael Gove, Jeremy Hunt, Matt Hancock, Rory Stewart, Esther McVey and others. Could is pictured welling up as she leaves Downing Avenue.
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July 2019
Johnson is declared leader of the Tory party.
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August 2019
Johnson reveals plans to prorogue parliament, inflicting deep divisions inside his social gathering.
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three September 2019
Johnson suspends 21 members of his social gathering together with Grieve, David Gauke and Nicolas Soames who’ve sought to dam a no-deal Brexit. Ten of them may have the whip restored after a Brexit deal is sealed in October.
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5 September 2019
Johnson’s brother, Jo, resigns from the cabinet, citing unresolved stress between household and the nationwide curiosity.
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24 September 2019
The supreme courtroom guidelines that Johnson’s recommendation to the Queen that parliament must be prorogued for 5 weeks on the peak of the Brexit disaster was unlawful. The courtroom’s president, Girl Hale, turns into a hero and her broach an icon for a lot of on the stay facet.
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October 2019
Boris Johnson and Leo Varadkar meet within the Wirral for 11th-hour discussions to avoid wasting Brexit and break the impasse on the Irish border backstop. Days later the deal is revealed, with a Northern Eire protocol setting a commerce border within the Irish Sea.
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December 2019
Johnson is returned to power with an 80-seat majority on the promise that he’ll “get Brexit accomplished”.
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31 January 2020
The UK leaves the EU at 11pm.
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March 2020
Commerce negotiations start, hampered by the Covid lockdown. The 2 sides’ chief negotiators, Barnier for the EU and David Frost for the UK, have signs.
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June 2020
The primary deadline for a deal passes with no settlement on fisheries. Johnson tells the EU to place a “tiger within the tank” and get a deal by the center of July. The EU council president, Charles Michel, tells the UK it is not going to purchase a “pig in a poke”.
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October 2020
One other deadline set by Johnson passes.
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November 2020
A number of extra deadlines go.
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24 December 2020
Lastly, a deal is struck.
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26 December 2020
The 1,246-page doc is launched, leaving MPs and MEPs little time to learn and scrutinise the element.
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30 December 2020
Johnson tables an 85-page piece of laws to ratify the cope with lower than 48 hours to go earlier than the tip of the transition interval. Brigid Fowler, a senior researcher on the Hansard Society, describes the process as a “farce” and “an abdication of parliament’s constitutional tasks to ship correct scrutiny of the manager and of the legislation”.
The deal is signed within the EU and ratified within the Home of Commons by 521 votes to 73.
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